Importance of John F Kennedy fight for Civil Rights in early 1960’s America

Process paper

This project focuses on civil rights reform, the reaction of different people in the 1960’s and the revolution that occurred to give more opportunities to African American or non- white Americans.  There are many events under president Kennedy that were important for civil rights.

One example is "The Birmingham Desegregation Campaign." During the summer of 1963, Blacks  protested to get the attention of the President and the Congress to give them equal civil rights.

The second example is many events in the nation that tried to prevent the 1964 Civil Rights Act from being passed in Congress. Kennedy had to fight to get supporters to back his act. This impacted African Americans then, and there are many effect that have lasted until today.

I picked John F Kennedy because he is an important person when looking at reaction and reform.

After world war 11 African Americans spoke up more when they were not treated well or equally. They began to protest more and demand protection of civil rights.

To find sources for this project I looked for articles about people’s reaction, JFK and civil rights events.

When I started this project , I wanted to look for a topic that really includes the reaction, reform and revolution. I think by looking this topic I can learn all important things.

"The Birmingham Desegregation Campaign." Amistad Digital Resource. Web. 09 Jan. 2012. <http://www.amistadresource.org/civil_rights_era/birmingham_desegregation_campaign.html>

       In this article the protest that happened all across the country during the summer of 1963 is detailed.  It explaine how Blacks  protested to get the attention of the president and the congress to give them equal and civil rights.  There is a link to a video that shows how the protest became violent but were not going to stop unless the president acted. This is a good summary of the violence, the planning, and the courage of those who were fighting in the south for Black Americans to get rights.

"Civil Rights Movement - John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum." John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum. Web. 09 Jan. 2012. <http://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/Civil-Rights-Movement.aspx?p=3>.

     This is an article that summarizes events that lead up to the passing of the Civil rights Act of 1963. The article presents three main events that lead up to this. First, the working conditions in Birmingham Alabama is discussed.  Next, the article talks about the March on Washington, and finally it talks about how President Kennedy started the legislation process but was killed and President Johnson carried on with the act. This an excellent article about the timeline of events that lead to the Civil rights Act of 1963 becoming part of American Law.

"1964 Civil Rights Act." Spartacus Educational. Web. 09 Jan. 2012. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAcivil64.htm>.

    The article is about how events in the nation at the time tried to prevent the Civil Rights act from being passed in Congress.  There is a discussion about how Kennedy had to fight to get supporters to back his act.   Next It follows up with how the congress  how the argued against passing the bill in when they met.   Finally, it continues to show how this impacted African American who were tried to be persuaded not to support the Act.  The article should have had more details about the struggle between the supporters and those who were against the act.This article was too short but it gave a clear summary of the fight to get civil rights legislation passed.

History News Network. Web. 09 Jan. 2012. <http://hnn.us/articles/39024.html>.

       This article tried to get into President Kennedy’s head and his thought process.  His thoughts about  race,ethics ad being determined to help African Americans is examined.  It was a question of doing the right thing from 1961-1963.  The article analysis conversations Kennedy had with with brother about event taking place in the south to discourage African Americans from getting equal rights. He was trying to decided if this was the right thing to do at that time:  give Blacks equal rights.

“John Kennedy and Civil Rights." History Learning Site. Web. 09 Jan. 2012. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/john_kennedy_and_civil_rights.htm>.

      This article summarized important events during his presidency however it ask an important question:  did Kennedy support civil rights.  The article answers the question by saying Yes  Kennedy did according to the writer. It talks about his promises in  speeches before his election, and during his time in office.   It outlines how the speeches did support civil rights for African Americans but that Kennedy did not live long enough to talk about his support and see his promise come true. This is a good summary of the JFK time line and events that lead him to think about Civil rights during his last term in office.

I started this project unknowing to the amount of interest I would find myself having, and the amount of desire I craved for information. As my research broadened I began to discover facts that went beyond basketball. Characteristics of humanity, that shocked and appalled me. The basketball fan in me enjoyed seeing the past and how our future has evolved so much. It is extremely interesting to compare someone like Earl Lloyd to a modern day player such as Kobe Bryant. The contrast is evident but considering the amount of time that has passed since these two first put on their jerseys it is understandable. What is really interesting are the similarities. Players like Kobe and Jordan dominated their era, era’s with constant media coverage. Earl dominated his era but with much less publicity so he gets much less credit then he deserves. Moving past basketball I saw the effects of social movements and integration happen around Earls career. He directly affect the way people perceived African Americans in a very tense time. His demeanor and professionalism on and off the court are beyond admirable and his play speaks for itself. After reflecting on this project I have found how interested I am in the past of basketball. The great players who didn’t get a chance to have their name imprinted in every media clip of the decade. Without Earl Lloyd basketball could have had its first African American player be a sham and ruin the credibility of all African Americans simply based off the enormous stereotyping pressure that was put on whoever first integrated the NBA. The world changed because of him and we still feel the impacts today. How many kids were inspired by the famous dunks of Michael Jordan? or the Showtime glamour of Magic Johnson and his Lakers? Athletes are treated as role models and idols in today’s society and the integration of the NBA was a crucial turning point in the public’s ongoing battle against segregation. Earl Lloyd exemplified courage on this day and should be recognized as not only a great player but also a great icon of humanity and equality. As I complete this project I will remember everything I learned not only about Earl Lloyd but about what interesting facts can be revealed just by starting to look in the right places at the right times.

At first our group was going to investigate the different stories of the holocaust and what exactly triggered it and who had known about the holocaust. Then we had all talked and out and agreed that the holocaust was too much of commercial topic, so we focused on genocide, which is less of a commercial topic. Choosing just one genocide was hard for us to do, so oat first we had did research on the different types of genocides that there were. At the end we had all agreed that it was best for us all to do different parts of different genocides and to put them all together in one informational project that would practically sum up everything that a genocide was about and the people who have already lived through one. 

To just simply Google genocide isn’t enough to understand everything that you need to know to illustrate and to do the perfect genocide project. We had to work really hard at exactly what we were looking for. We had looked for plenty of survivor stories to get head on to what exactly had happened and what it felt like. Also we had did little secondary research just to get the basics of everything that had happened and also everything that the media might have known about. Generally our research periods were very long and hard; also we took specific facts from each source that was used. Then after all of the research on the major things like background information and up close facts on what had happen in each genocide that was researched we had to research the little things such as pictures and videos. 

For our presentation category we wanted to go out and above. We chose to do a presentation board because visuals are everything. Also we had wanted it to look really ragged and old, as if it was something that we had literally taken from a history book. Going through the creation process was just as long as doing the research to start the project. First we had to get a board then make sure that we had decorated it according to occasion. We didn’t want our board to be really boring and something someone had seen before. Also we wanted our project to stick out like a sore thumb so we used our best of might to add things to it and to add little details to everything so everything looked tattered and like it belonged to someone who was in the genocide. 

Our project relates to the national history day theme of reaction, reform, and revolution because we show different sides of the genocide. Also we take different types of genocides and put them into one total and complete project, which brings them all together in the never again convention that is also in our project for revolution. All together our project shows that there is always a reaction to a situation that follows with an reform and usually a revolution. 

The first thing we all did was research Marxism. We used sources that helped us get a solid grounding on the topic, and then used that knowledge in our research of the revolutions. Each of us chose smaller battles/protests in each of the revolutions. These studies include the Bolshevik revolution, North Korea vs. South Korea, and the May Fourth Movement. As we did our research, we found sources that gave accurate information about the time period as well as the event. We needed this because we were writing fictional journal articles as if we were from the time period. This was how we chose to display our information at first.

The majority of our sources are reports from college professors, online articles, or just informational documents. We did try and tackle the famous “Economic Philosophic Manuscripts,” but that turned out to be really very dense, and it was detracting from our overall message. Instead, we used videos given to us by our teacher. David Harvey, a professor who specializes in Marx, turned out to be a very useful source for us. We watched videos that gave us insight into Marxism that would have taken us a lot longer if done on our own.

In the end, we learned a great deal about the flaws of governmental ideals, and how crucial it is to have a system that falls in the middle of the spectrum. A system that is amalgamated with ideals from both Marxism and its antithesis can create a governmental set up that works just as efficiently as any seen today. Marxism has had a nominally latent existence, and has been pidgin holed by the common public as a corrupt system or a flawed system. However, the goal of this project was not to defend this idea or counteract it; it was to show that there is no country that has followed the doctrines and philosophies of Marxism to scrupulous detail. We found this to be true.

Sources:

Marx, Karl. "Economic Philosophic Manuscripts." Economic Philosophic Manuscripts(1932): 1-81. Web.

This is a link to the PDF of Karl Marx’s Economic Philosophic Manuscripts. This is a primary source, because he was the author in 1844. This is essay will play a critical role in the way we conceptualize our idea of socialism. There are a lot of interpretations of what it means to have a Marxist government, and those interpretations originate from Karl Marx himself. That is why this primary source will be useful for the project. He mentions a lot of German ideologies that he uses as an influence for his writings. This inspires the idea of possibly connecting some of the older beliefs of Germany to the beliefs of Germany in the 20th century. Because the Russian revolution began in the early 20th century, the manuscripts would have had to have played a major role in how the leaders of  socialist movements later assessed their own ideals in the founding of the new governments.


Von Kühlmann, Richard. Richard Von Kühlmann on the Russian Revolution. Germany. 30 Nov. 1917.
http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/russia_kuehlmann.htm

This is a speech that the German foreign secretary, Richard Von Kühlmann, gave to the German Reichtag on November 30th, 1917. The speech presents his opinions on the Russian Revolutions and the way the world is reacting to them. He then goes into his opinions on the governments of countries such as England and France stating that “freedom of though and freedom of speech have been suppressed.” This source is valuable because it portrays the opinions of the revolutions from another country. Richard Von Kühlmann relates what is happening in Russia to what could possibly happen in Germany, which shows the international effect of the revolutions. His underlying tone is that Germany will prevail against other countries that are filled with “greed and power.” He believes that the powers of the east will be able to rise up against the inhumane powers of the west, which is not only a statement about Germany but a statement about much of the European continent.

Lenin, Vladimir. "Proclamation of 7 November 1917." Proclamation of 7 November 1917. Russia. 7 Nov. 1917. Speech. <http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/lenin_25oct1917.htm>

This source is a speech given by Vladimir Lenin, a Marxist and communist revolutionist who led the Russian Revolutions, on October 25, 1917. In this speech he warns against a counter revolution and uprising of the military against the new government formed after the overthrow of Alexander Kerenski. He states that all military men must openly support and join the new government or else they will be arrested. The speech lists what the Petrograd Council of Workmen and Soldeir’s Delegate’s (new government)  sees as its top priorities, which includes but is not limited to, giving land to the peasants and a transfer of all power to the council. This source is valuable because it displays the intended goals of the new communist party in Russia and what the party was based on (its ideology).

Lenin, Vladimir. "Call to Power." Call to Power. Russia. 24 Oct. 1917. Speech.
http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/calltopower.htm

This is a writing by Lenin titled “Call to Power,” on the 24th of October in 1917. In it he requests that power be taken away from Alexander Kerenski’s provisional government and be transferred a committee/party chosen by the people specifically the poor and starving. He warns that the government in place at the time was going to fall and that as a revolutionary/revolutionists they must not wait. It is written to the Soviet Central Committee and supposed to represent the voices of the people. He uses a very urgent tone warning that if something doesn't happen immediately the Soviet Union as a whole will lose everything. This source is valuable because it was one of the major factors contributing to the fall of the provisional government. The day after being written Kerenski’s government was overthrown which really shows the power of these words. Although technically a call to the Soviet Union, it addressed the protesters/revolutionists in hope of motivating them.

Lenin, Vladimir. "April Theses." April Theses. Saint Petersburg, Russia. Apr. 1917. Speech. <http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/apriltheses.htm>http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/apriltheses.htm
http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/apriltheses.htm

The April Theses was a chain of "directions" which was created by Vladimir Lenin when he returned to St. Petersburg, in response to the war. In the Theses, he summoned the soviets to take power and criticized the liberals in the Provisional Government. Before Lenin's return, the government was controlled by socialist in liberals, which created a democracy. Most of the directives called for new communist policies, also calling for a new government which would be imperial to all other forms of government in Russia.

Duffy/ Firstworldwar.com, Michael. "Manifesto of Russian Council of Workmen and Soldiers." First World War.com. Web. 06 Jan. 2012. <http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/russian_councilofworkmen1.htm>.

The link is to a manifesto written by workers and soldiers.  Its dated to may 15 1917. They start off by explaining that the are speaking in the name of / support of the “ Russian Revolutionary Democracy”  and that as a people they didn’t wish to become involved with the war.  They go on to explain the adverse effects of Russia losing its freedoms.  Revolutionary russia was being threatened by a man power.   They are explaining to the soldiers on the battle front that they must fight to win or else “Revolutionary Russia” will be destroyed.  They are defending liberty in Russia because they are up against the German army that represents  When describing Russia in modern terms its described as being a communist country.   

Psychology: the study of the human mind and its workings.  I choose this topic because I could personally connect to it. Growing up, my father was ill, so I wanted to know why and how. It was helpful because it helped me understand why he was ill and the chances that it can be passed down to me. Not only is it important to me and helped me, but it can help others as well. Understanding Psychology is the first step to understanding the mind.

While doing research for this, I found the site Marxist.com to be useful in finding written lectures by Sigmund Freud. Also since I already had some background knowledge on the topic, I knew who the “father of psychology” was so I started with him. From there I went to psychoanalysis, to the NYC Bomber and criminal profiling.  Another website I found helpful was trutv.com It helped me with the research for the NYC bomber and Dr. James Brussel. 

I mostly relied on books though. Not ones written the by people I was researching, but ones written about them. Since it was so long ago, I couldn’t find interviews or autobiographies that they had written themselves.

A problem I encountered during my research was finding articles written on an article about a book written about the person that I researching and not being able to use them because they were credible. It took a lot of digging to find a source that directed related to the topic of psychology. These articles did lead me books that I was able to use but even though these articles were great in number, the sources they provided were few in number.

            I choose to relate my topic to all three words in the theme. For each word, I picked a specific date that showed how psychology has cause a revolution, who reacted and how it reformed our thinking on psychology. For revolution I choose the year 1883 because it was the year the Wilhelm Wundt began to voice his ideas to the scientific community. At first they were rejected because it was an unknown concept but soon some people were able to see it’s usefulness. Which leads us into reaction. Sigmund Freud gave his final lecture on psychoanalysis and psychology in the year 1932. It may seem strange to not use all of his lectures but I found that the last talked more about him as a human diagnosing people and not as a doctor diagnosing a patient. I also wanted to stay away from mentioning super ego, ego and id in my exhibit because I wanted to focus on him and the new concept he introduced, psychoanalysis. Lastly we have reform. Dr. James Brussel was able to enhance the concept even when he introduced criminal profiling to the FBI. In order to get the FBI’s attention, he first took it for a test run. He was able to profile the NYC Bomber in 1940 by analyzing his behavior.

Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources

Freud, Sigmund. "Lecture XXXV A Philosophy of Life." New Introductory Lectures on Psycho-analysis . Hogarth Press, 1933. Web. 1 Jan 2012. <http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/at/freud.htm>.

This source is of a lecture given by Sigmund Freud, written down. He talks greatly about religion and how it could influence behavior. There are a few times when he mentions Marxism but I do not understand if he relates that to Psycho-analysis. This source is reliable because it is form another man who has had a great influence in the world of psychology and he did change many things. I used the parts where he talked about how he got into psychology.

The layman's guide to psychiatry and psych-analysis. 3. California: Tantor eBooks of Tantor Media, 2011. eBook. <http://www.amazon.com/Laymans-Guide-Psychiatry-Psychoanalysis-ebook/dp/B005DNSSCQ.

This book is written for people who don’t have a profession in the field of psychology. It gives a general over view of the know how’s of the field. It talks about why people act the way they do and why others judge them the way that they do. It touches on a range of topics from emotions to dreams and from insanity to practical and impractical methods, all relating to the field of psychology and psychoanalysis. I used this to help created my loose definition of psychoanalysis.

Secondary Source

"The History of Psychology." Discovering Psychology.WGBH Educational Foundation,2001. Web.1 Jan 2012.<http://www.learner.org/discoveringpsychology/history/history_nonflash.html>.  This source is like a basic overview of how psychology has evolved from 1879 to 2000. It is a great place to start because it’s main focus is psychology but it also gives brief points on people and buildings that have influenced the advancement of psychology. The time line doesn’t stick to one person who has had an influence in this field but it expands to many people, which is why I think this source is reliable. I used this to help me find the people I would research on.

"Wilhelm Wundt and Introspection: the cultural contribution of the father of psychology." WilhelmWundt.com. N.p., Jan 3. Web. 1 Jan 2012. <http://www.wilhelmwundt.com/index.htm>.

This source is an essay written by someone on Wilhelm Wundt, a man otherwise known as the father of psychology. It talks about Wundt life in psychology and how he used introspection to evaluate the behaviors of the human mind. Essentially this text is a general overview of Wundt’s work through out his lifetime although it focuses mainly on introspection. It gives a clearer meaning on his work and it also included other sources that I can go to that may help me with my project. I used this source to help identify what part of Wundt’s work I was following.

M. Lothstein, Leslie. "The Transformation of Psychology: Influences of 19th-Century Philosophy, Technology, and Natural Science." The American Journal of Psychiatry. Psychiatry Online, 01, Mar 2003. Web. 1 Jan 2012. <http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=176134>.

This source is about a textbook that gave an interesting viewpoint of both psychology and science as a whole. It mostly talks about chapter 11. Also about how politics play a role in psychology. I found this interesting since you wouldn’t think that something like that could influence a person behavior and memory so much. To the point where people felt the need to study it and see just how far the influence was rooted. I used this source to help create my loose definition of psychology.

Madden, Melissa Ann. "GEORGE METESKY: NEW YORK's MAD BOMBER-The Profiler." TruTV. TruTV, n.d. Web. 4 Jan 2012. < http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/terrorists_spies/terrorists/metesky/8.html>.

This article talks about George Metesky, the first big case that Dr. Brussel profiled that lead him to want to continue and create a new section to the FBI. It talks mainly of the process of what the police went through in trying to apprehend the bomber on their own for close to 10 years until they called Dr. Brussel. Though the police were skeptical, they went along with it and they did catch their guy. I used this source to get a better understanding of the Bomber’s work.

Plucker, Dr. Jonathan. "Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) German Philosopher & Psychologist." Human Intelegence. Indiana University, 25 July 2007. Web. <http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/wundt.shtml>.

This page talks about Wilhelm Wundt’s start in opening an Experiment Psychology Laboratory. It catered more toward German, philosophers and psychologist but American and British philosophers and psychologist were also welcomed. Everything he did was considered experimental because he was the first to do it. He set the limits that could be reached for research because there were know for him. I used this source because of the experimental laboratory.

Madden, Melissa Ann. "The Profiler." TruTV. TruTV, n.d. Web. 4 Jan 2012. <http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/terrorists_spies/terrorists/metesky/3.html>.

 500 Word Process:

Why we chose this topic:
 My partner and I didn’t know where to start at first with this project. Honestly, we had a hard time choosing something that would keep our interest, and we wanted a topic that wouldn’t bore us. When our teacher introduced us to some ideas it came upon that the WCTU known as the Woman Christian Temperance Union has caught our eye. Finding information wasn’t hard, and it was quick to find things that were interesting, which had motivated us to learn and do more on this project. In the process we learned that the WCTU was on one of the first all woman Christian alliance that was against the usage and founding of alcohol.

How I conducted my research:  First we did a research on the WCTU and how the organization works, also we looked on the motifs and believe and value. And what are some of the thing they have done that had made a change in our history. Then while doing the research on the WCTU we found out that during the 1920 the fought to get alcohol illegal. And we also realize that this era was called the Prohibition era. This lead us to do our project /exhibit on the prohibition era through the eyes of the WCTU. While doing this research on the WCTU we saw the opportunity to do something on the prohibition which was a important part of the history. During this time a lot of significant things happen.

How we created the EXHIBIT: My group member and I started to organize the important points of our research. We created outline of the most important picture and quote of our project. We then look on the rule in the NHD rule book of how the exhibit should be for example the height width, 500 word limit. Then we collaborated and work on printing the picture and the font also we designed the broad so it looks presentable.

How our project related to the theme:

Or project is related to the theme because it is research done within a important time period in history. The theme for this year was Revolution, Reaction, and Reform in History and this was a event that happen 50 years ago. We were able to show what lead up to the revolution of the alcohol being illegal. The reaction after when the alcohol became illegal violence and crime rates rose ,flapper was stating to develop ,the women during that time the 19 amendment granted the women the right to vote ,illegal underground dealing of alcohol and the speakeasies were developed and the stock market also crashed. The reform was that the 21 amendment made alcohol legal again and it the amount was modified. This was a very important because never 200 years an amendment has been repealed. So this why our theme is related to the theme of the national history day’s theme ,it’s portray each term of Revolution, Reaction, and Reform each has a example of how the relate.

PRIMARY SOURCES

        WCTU. "WCTU Opposes Amethyst Initiative." Welcome to the WCTU. Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 29 Sept. 2008. Web. 28 Feb. 2012. <http://www.wctu.org/amethyst.html>.

            I found this web page helpful because we have done the prohibition of alcohol through the WCTU. eyes and this a example of how the WCTU is still fighting the same issue they fought for 50 years ago. So this gave on information on what the WCTU is doing presently.

Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Minnesota. "Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Minnesota Records. Dates:." Minnesota Historical Society. Web. 2009. <http://www.mnhs.org/library/findaids/00106.xml>.

              This a site which give information and the different WCTU conference that was hold over a consecutive year .This show how one of the subdivision of the WCTU how the run they run their meeting the order of protocols. Records related to statewide women’s organization focused primarily on raising public awareness of the personal and social problems brought about by the consumption of alcoholic beverages, and on the advocacy of individual abstinence and prohibition. Includes records of district and local unions (chapters).

Elizabeth, Wiillard. "Let Something Good Be Said: Speeches and Writings of Frances E. Willard - Frances Elizabeth Willard, Carolyn De Swarte Gifford." Google Books. Board of Trustee,  2009. Web. 06 Jan. 2012. <http://books.google.com/books? id=kt6w5t1YStcC>.

This is a book about the first president of the WCTU. Its autobiography on the president, and the many speeches she gives at every rally meeting and protest. It talks about her journey of campaigner all over the country to recruit. How the conduct a meeting and this book celebrate the effort Willard put in to form and get women to fight for the cause she stands for.

http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/library/studies/nc/nc2a.htm
McGrewcalifronia, Jane Lang. "History of Alcohol Prohibition." DRCNet Online Library of Drug Policy. California Drug Policy. Web. 09 Jan. 2012. <http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/library/studies/nc/nc2a.htm>.
This a source that give a break down of the years of the WCTU. Its full with information of the different activity that happens. It also gives excerpt from interview with different members of the organization. The reason why theses women put their life on the line to support a good cause and get the government to make alcohol illegal.


Anonimous. "Alcohol Prohibition." EH.net. Economic History Associatio, 2 Jan. 2010. Web. 2 Jan. 2011. <http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/miron.prohibition.alcohol>.

This a very informative site that give you the step by step breakdown with the day when the the Prohibition ended. This will give me incite on what happen and the effect it had on the society after. One example after the Prohibition the crime rate raised. and the was uncover bars ruined and illegal Raids . EH.NET " e evidence on Prohibition and crime focuses on the homicide rate, since this is the only type of crime for which data are reported consistently both before, during, and after Prohibition.10 Figure 3 presents the homicide rate in the United States (measured as homicides per 100,000 population) for the period 1900-1995" This is one of the statics that the source gave.

Elly, Martin. "Prohibition Era Timeline - Timeline of Prohibition Era." American History  From About. American History.com. Web. 10 Jan. 2012. <http://americanhistory.about.com/od/prohibitionera/a/prohibition.htm>.

             I used this source to figure out the different time and date that related to my topic . it help me to know the specific dates for each leg of the journey of Prohibition . I will used this to make a timeline to show on the blog to help to provide as reference .

WCTU. "| WCTU Drinking Fountains | Glendora CA |." Welcome to the WCTU. Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 29 Sept. 2008. Web. 28 Feb. 2012. <http://www.wctu.com/Glendora.html>.

            This a picture of a old WCTU fountain. this what they women of that organization put these outside of saloon to promote the men to drink water and not alcohol. This will help us to tell our story visually

Secondary Source:

Albalagh Children Home. "Prohibition of Alcohol." Albalagh Home Page. Albalagh Children Home. Web. 28 Feb. 2012. <http://www.albalagh.net/kids/history/prohibition.shtml>.

             This source has help us to understand the prohibition in a nutshell. I was able to get the main idea of what the prohibition was about and how it developed. This is really help I would recommend it to any one who is doing a project on the prohibition.

http://www.wctu.com/Glendora.html
- This is a photo on one of the fountains that were made around the drinking problems started to occur. They where put up around saloons that where closing or selling very low products of alcohol. These where created for people to have a nice cold drink instead of running to the saloons to get a beverage that only caused harm to them. This was a way to relax those heavy drinkers and switch to something that where more refreshing. Many of these where set among the streets that supported the WCTU, and some in front of saloon fronts.

* WTCU. N.d. Photograph. Drinking fountain , Glendora CA. Web. 09 Jan 2012. <http://www.wctu.com/Glendora.html>.


Source: http://www2.potsdam.edu/hansondj/FunFacts/Prohibition.html
http://www2.potsdam.edu/hansondj/FunFacts/Prohibition.html
- This photo reads "Lips That Touch Liquor Shall Not Touch Ours". Back then drinking was a crime and still is today. Many people do it for fun,but don't realize that effect it has on themselves and other people. It became such a problem back in the day when woman thought that drinking was a horrible thing. The smell of it on your breath or just around the person who abused drinking was ranked from it. They found it to be unattractive and a destroyer.

*WTCU. N.d. Painting. n.p. Web. 09 Jan 2012. <http://www2.potsdam.edu/hansondj/FunFacts/Prohibition.html>.



It May Be a Losing Battle, but W.C.T.U. Is Out There Fighting
Source: http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20C16F9395C1A7493C4A91783D85F458785F9&scp=1&sq=WCTU&st=cse
- I want to use this source because is shows  the WCTU success in Chicago on August 06,1971. I am really proud too see that they loose very few battles. They all stood together to fight for justice, and that's what caught eye for other woman in other states to join then in this revolution. The WCTU union has been able to grow over the year in their time an d has reached more then 10 states to walk through this war with them. To this much liquor (--------------------------------------------------------------------------) in state attract to a small amount of this (---). The WCTU is still around, and many families still struggle with the drug abuse today. Mostly which can lead to child abuse, self abuse, abuse to others, and lead to mentally and physically distraction.

* *"It May Be a Losing Battle, but W.C.T.U. Is Out There Fighting." New York Times. 06 09 1971: 1. Web. 13 Jan. 2012.



Susanna Madora Salter --
First Woman Mayor

by Monroe Billington
http://www.kancoll.org/khq/1954/54_3_billington.htm
- This is a story about a woman named Susanna Madora. She was elected by the W.C.T.U to be an officer for her district.  She had a struggle making it in the WCTU because of the negativity that she had to go through just to get her votes in was ridicules. Men like today where jealous that woman was able to have such power and control over the organization they were running.There were so many hacks and scams they did from keeping her being successful in the WTCU. It's a shame that men where selfish to ever see a woman do good, or let alone see a woman do better then them.

*Billingtion, Monroe. "Susanna Madora Salter -- First Woman Mayor ." Kancoll. Kansas Collection: Kansas Historical Quarterlies , Autumn 1954. Web. 5 Jan 2012. <http://www.kancoll.org/khq/1954/54_3_billington.htm>.

Frances Willard
http://womenshistory.about.com/od/temperance/p/frances_willard.htm
- I want to use this in our project because it talks about the first woman who was the heading of the WCTU. WIllard was also the first dean of woman. I think talking about the first woman is import an because she is the one who had the most work, and the most compassion for this. I would add things about her old life when she was a child, until she was adult.I want to talk about what made her interested in starting the alliance agasint alcohol. There are a few interested things such as her not being married, and having a travel and sedentary companion for 22 years. She was a woman.
* Johnson- Lewis, Jone. "Womans History." Frances Willard. About, n.d. Web. 13 Jan 2012. <http://womenshistory.about.com/od/temperance/p/frances_willard.htm>.